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The first European to visit the region was explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, sailing under the flag of Castile but possibly born in Portugal. Spanish period Portuguese explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, claiming California for the Spanish Empire The village of Kosa'aay was made up of thirty to forty families living in pyramid-shaped housing structures and was supported by a freshwater spring from the hillsides. The Kumeyaay established villages scattered across the region, including the village of Kosa'aay which was the Kumeyaay village that the future settlement of San Diego would stem from in today's Old Town. Rogers later reevaluated his claims, yet they were influential in shaping historical tellings of early San Diego history. Archaeologist Malcolm Rogers hypothesized that the early cultures of San Diego were separate from the Kumeyaay, yet this claim is disputed, with others noting that it does not account for cultural evolution. The Kumeyaay may have culturally evolved from this complex or migrated into the area around 1000 C.E. What has been referred to as the San Dieguito complex was established in the area at least 9,000 years ago. Pre-colonial period The Kumeyaay, referred to by the Spanish as Diegueños, have inhabited the area for thousands of years. History įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of San Diego. Luiseño speakers in the North County region called it Pushuyi.

After the establishment of San Diego, the Kumeyaay called town and city Tepacul Watai, meaning 'Stacked Big'. Prior to the Spanish establishment of San Diego, the Kumeyaay town was called Kosa'aay, meaning 'drying out place' in the Kumeyaay language. He named the bay and the surrounding area 'San Diego de Alcalá' in honor of Saint Didacus of Alcalá. San Diego's name can be traced back to the 16th century when Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno bestowed it upon the area in 1602. The city's airport, San Diego International Airport, is the busiest single- runway airport in the world. The primary border crossing between San Diego and Tijuana, the San Ysidro Port of Entry, is the busiest international land border crossing in the world outside of Asia ( fourth-busiest overall). San Diego is the economic center of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-most populous transborder metropolitan area in the Western Hemisphere, home to an estimated 5 million people as of 2022. The city is home to several universities, including UC San Diego, San Diego State University, and the University of San Diego. San Diego's main economic engines are military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, research, and manufacturing. in 1848 following the Mexican–American War and was admitted to the union as a state in 1850. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly declared Mexican Empire, which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later.

The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. Historically home to the Kumeyaay Native Americans, San Diego has been referred to as the Birthplace of California, as it was the first site visited and settled by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. San Diego is known for its mild year-round Mediterranean climate, extensive beaches and parks, its long association with the United States Navy, and its recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center. The city is the seat of San Diego County, which has a population of nearly 3.3 million people as of 2021. With a population of over 1.3 million residents, the city is the eighth-most populous in the United States and the second-most populous in the state of California after Los Angeles. San Diego ( / ˌ s æ n d i ˈ eɪ ɡ oʊ/ ⓘ SAN dee- AY-goh, Spanish: ) is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast in Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border.

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